I'm writing a story and I need to know when place names in Britain changed from Latin to what they are today. For example, when did Londinium become London?

For all.

I understand, or at least think I understand, the Semitic consonant ‘ayn. It's a voiced h. Or the consonant equivalent of the vowel a, similar to the relationship between w and u. It's an open glottis, in contrast to a glottal stop. Practicing it in the mirror, I figured out it's using the muscles attached to my hyoid bone and thyroid, to pull down the back of my tongue. And really no other voluntary muscle movement.

Whilst learning beginning Hebrew, Arabic, and Aramaic, I've gotten used to ‘ayn between two vowels. But I still struggle with consonant clusters, for lack of a better term, involving (C + ‘ayn) + V.

When I see a place name like Bil‘īn (بلعين), my feeling is that I should be dropping the root of my tongue during, or immediately following, pronouncing the l, which then turns the following long i into almost a nasalized e sound. I imagine someone from Limerick, Ireland saying "I'd be lyin'...", except without the "I'd".

Do I have it about right?

The title, many European colony names were derived from monarchs and personal names and -ana(or something like that) seems to be a common suffix, at least in romance languages. Terra Mariana from Latin, Louisiana from French, Philippines from Spanish etc.

When I try to google it just shows me which names those toponyms are derived from (Mary, Louis, Felipe) and doesn't say anything about the suffix. Was it just random? Does it have a name? How would I even do it If I wanted to make up something similar from Fernando or Carlos? Fernandona? Carlosana?

I am aware of the "-ana" suffix as in "related to, shout out to" suffix as in (Mozartiana, Ottomana, Americana) but its wikipedia page doesn't even mention toponyms nor none of the examples I listed. Are they related or something? Cognates? Same suffix that I misunderstood?

My friend's grandma (Chinese) says she used to live in "丹绒芸林" in Sumatra, Indonesia. She couldn't provide further information. "丹绒芸林" sounds similar to "Tanjong Yunlin" in English, but I couldn't find anything related on Google. The only guess I can make is that this place might be a "埠", which means "port" or Chinese immigration center.

My friend and I are super curious as to where this place is. Plz help!

Hi, I’m looking for any good sources of Spanish Toponym lists/charts. Websites, diagrams, charts, books, etc. I’m trying to expand my list of toponymic suffixes and prefixes. Preferably not sources focusing on The west coast of the USA, as saints and Christianity in general take up such a large percentage of Spanish names in those areas. Thank you so much!

I'm going to be officiating a wedding in the San Juan Islands this summer and was asked by the couple to include a land acknowledgement as part of the ceremony.

As part of my research I came across this story map. I was surprised that this information wasn't as easily find-able as I would have expected and I may have some Wikipedia editing to do.

https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/9b0f86b51e054ba78b83ab39c4d0b1a6

Idk it that it the right place to post this

What place names do you know that had something relating to 1 in its name history, I'm mainly interested in the UK, but other places are nice too

I know in the UK there's many Twyford's w/ Twy meaning 2, and some Sevenoaks, but much less 1 related names

I'll allow anything relating to unity, union, as well as loneness and singularness, or unit, or an stretch you think will fit

Here's what I found so far

Countries: UK, US, UAE all start with United, Monaco which is "single house"

Others:

UK:

County Antrim, NI (Lone ridge)

Aintree, (Lonely tree)

Onehouse (Lone house)

Onecote (Lonely cottages)

Outside the UK:

Een, Netherlands

Einhaus, Germany

Union City, various US cities

Unionville, Canada

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Do we know how this toponym entered (Old) English? It's often said to be from Welsh cwm but it's also seen in France. The word is rare in Cornish (komm) and the equivalents are usually nans ( valley, W nant) or glen glynn, yet it is the dominant toponym in adjacent west Devon and found all over southern England.

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I swear I'd seen one, but now I can't find it, we're looking for a map that shows UK (or just England) place names, but translated into modern English. So Brighton would be Beorhthelm's farmstead, Liverpool would be Muddy Creek.. does such a thing exist?